Leveraging 3D-printed microfluidic micromixers for the continuous manufacture of melatonin loaded SNEDDS with enhanced antioxidant activity and skin permeability
Ongoren, Baris and Kara, Aytug and Casettari, Luca and Tiboni, Mattia and Lalatsa, Aikaterini and Sanz-Perez, Amadeo and Gonzalez-Burgos, Elena and Romero, Alejandro and Juberías, Antonio and Torrado, Juan J. and Serrano, Dolores R. (2024) Leveraging 3D-printed microfluidic micromixers for the continuous manufacture of melatonin loaded SNEDDS with enhanced antioxidant activity and skin permeability. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 663. 124536. ISSN 1873-3476 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124536)
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Abstract
Vesicants are chemical warfare agents (CWAs) capable of causing severe skin damage and systemic toxicity. Melatonin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can mitigate the effects of these agents. Self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) containing a high melatonin concentration (5 %, 50 mg/g) were optimized using a quality-by-design approach from biocompatible, non-irritant excipients with a particle size of about 100 nm. The melatonin-loaded SNEDDS showed a 43-fold greater permeability than a conventional melatonin cream. Chemical stability at ambient temperature (25 °C) was maintained for one year. The preparation of optimised melatonin-loaded SNEDDS using a simple mixing method was compared to microfluidic micromixers. Mixing was successfully achieved using a 3D-printed (fused deposition modeling or stereolithography) T-shaped toroidal microfluidic chip (with a channel geometry optimized by computational fluid dynamics), resulting in a scalable, continuous process for the first time with a substantial reduction in preparation time compared to other conventional mixing approaches. No statistically significant differences were observed in the key quality attributes, such as particle size and melatonin loading, between the conventional mixing method in a water bath to reach equilibrium solubility and the use of 3D-printed micromixers. This scalable, continuous, cost-effective approach improves the overall efficiency of SNEDDS production, reduces the cost of quality control for multiple batches, and demonstrates the potential of microfluidic manufacturing with readily customizable 3D-printed micromixers at points of care such as military bases.
ORCID iDs
Ongoren, Baris, Kara, Aytug, Casettari, Luca, Tiboni, Mattia, Lalatsa, Aikaterini ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-7468, Sanz-Perez, Amadeo, Gonzalez-Burgos, Elena, Romero, Alejandro, Juberías, Antonio, Torrado, Juan J. and Serrano, Dolores R.;-
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Item type: Article ID code: 90078 Dates: DateEvent30 September 2024Published27 July 2024Published Online26 July 2024Accepted5 May 2024SubmittedSubjects: Medicine > Pharmacy and materia medica > Pharmaceutical technology Department: Faculty of Science > Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences Depositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 30 Jul 2024 13:44 Last modified: 03 Oct 2024 07:06 URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/90078