Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization and quality of antibiotic use in the primary care setting in England, March 2019–March 2023 : a segmented interrupted time series analysis of over 53 million individuals
Kurdi, Amanj and Al Mutairi, Najla and Baker, Kirmanj and M-Amen, Karwan and Darweesh, Omeed and Karwi, Hardee and Seaton, Andrew and Sneddon, Jacqueline and Godman, Brian (2024) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization and quality of antibiotic use in the primary care setting in England, March 2019–March 2023 : a segmented interrupted time series analysis of over 53 million individuals. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. pp. 1-12. ISSN 1744-8336 (https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2024.2368816)
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Abstract
Background Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluated the short-term impact of COVID-19 on antibiotic use in primary care in England, focusing on both antibiotic quantity (overuse) and quality (misuse) of use. Research design and methods A population-based segmented interrupted analysis was applied on monthly dispensed antibiotics prescriptions using the Prescription Cost Analysis dataset (March/2019–March/2023). The quantity was assessed using number of items dispensed per 1000 inhabitants (NTI) and defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), while quality was evaluated using WHO’s Access Watch Reserve (AWaRe) classification, the proportion of ‘4C’ antibiotics and the percentage of broad- to narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Results Findings indicate 8.6 (17.2%) and 0.4 (2.6%) increase in the NTI and DID, respectively, with a statistically significant uptick in trend noted after the second lockdown (β5) for ‘total antibiotics’ for NTI only (β5 = 1.6; 95% CI:0.17, 3.1). Quality assessment showed an increase in ‘Access’ antibiotics from 77% in March/2019 to 86% in March/2023; however, COVID-19 had no significant impact on WHO AWaRe classes. Conclusion COVID-19’s impact on antibiotic use quality and quantity appeared to be minimal, though an increase in utilization post-second lockdown coincided with healthcare system recovery. This suggests a nuanced impact of the pandemic, highlighting the importance of continued antimicrobial stewardship.
ORCID iDs
Kurdi, Amanj ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-1988, Al Mutairi, Najla, Baker, Kirmanj, M-Amen, Karwan, Darweesh, Omeed, Karwi, Hardee, Seaton, Andrew, Sneddon, Jacqueline and Godman, Brian;-
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Item type: Article ID code: 89635 Dates: DateEvent1 July 2024Published1 July 2024Published Online12 June 2024AcceptedSubjects: Medicine > Pharmacy and materia medica Department: Faculty of Science > Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
Strategic Research Themes > Health and WellbeingDepositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 18 Jun 2024 09:11 Last modified: 06 Oct 2024 07:07 Related URLs: URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/89635