Renal function outcomes in patients receiving TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy : a retrospective pilot study in Namibia

Kalemeera, Francis and Oberholster, Carla and Segamwenge, Innocent and Kibuule, Dan and Naikaku, Ester and Mwangana, M and Godman, Brian (2018) Renal function outcomes in patients receiving TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy : a retrospective pilot study in Namibia. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9 (10). pp. 4273-4279. ISSN 0975-8232

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Abstract

Introduction and aims: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV across countries including countries in sub-Sahara Africa. However, cART is associated with renal impairment. The lack of pre-cART data in a recently published study limited the discussion on renal-based treatment outcomes with cART, which could have important clinical implications. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to correct this. Methods: Longitudinal retrospective study, with renal function assessed pre-cART and at various time points on cART using the Cockcroft-Gault method. The data source was the patients’ care booklets. Results: 71 patients were included. The majority were adults and female. Before cART initiation, 70.4% and 29.6% had abnormal and normal CrCl, respectively. CrCl was normalised in 24% of patients, while abnormal in the remainder. The mean (median) time to normalisation was 47.4(33.7) months, observed more in paediatric than adult patients (p =0.014). However, in paediatric patients, normalisation took longer than in adult patients. The reduction in CrCl, was observed at variable time points. 9/16 patients experienced a decline during first-line cART and 7 of these were receiving TDF. 7/16 experienced this during second-line cART and 6 were receiving TDF. Conclusion: HIV is typically the cause of renal impairment prior to cART, with TDF likely to be the cause of renal impairment during cART. Consequently, co-administration of TDF with other nephrotoxic drugs should be undertaken with caution if unavoidable. Overall, improvement in renal impairment was faster in adults.