%PDF-1.6
%âãÏÓ
1 0 obj<>
endobj
2 0 obj<>
endobj
3 0 obj<>
endobj
5 0 obj<>
endobj
7 0 obj<>
endobj
8 0 obj<>>>
endobj
9 0 obj<>
endobj
10 0 obj<><><><><><><>]/P 9 0 R/S/Article/T()/Pg 11 0 R>>
endobj
11 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
12 0 obj<>
endobj
13 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
14 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
15 0 obj[14 0 R]
endobj
16 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
17 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
18 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
19 0 obj[18 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R]
endobj
20 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
21 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
22 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
23 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
24 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
25 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
26 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
27 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
28 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
29 0 obj[28 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R]
endobj
30 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
31 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
32 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
33 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
34 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
35 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
36 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
37 0 obj[36 0 R 38 0 R]
endobj
38 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
39 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
40 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
41 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
42 0 obj[41 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R]
endobj
43 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
44 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
45 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
46 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
47 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
48 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
49 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
50 0 obj[49 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R]
endobj
51 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
52 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
53 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
54 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
55 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
56 0 obj<>
endobj
57 0 obj<>
endobj
58 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 723.077 null]
endobj
59 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 675.456 null]
endobj
60 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 608.399 null]
endobj
61 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 560.778 null]
endobj
62 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 496.337 null]
endobj
63 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 448.695 null]
endobj
64 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 401.075 null]
endobj
65 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 353.454 null]
endobj
66 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 287.715 null]
endobj
67 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 221.976 null]
endobj
68 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 174.355 null]
endobj
69 0 obj[54 0 R/XYZ 0 126.714 null]
endobj
70 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
71 0 obj[70 0 R/XYZ 0 766.0 null]
endobj
72 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
73 0 obj[70 0 R/XYZ 0 718.379 null]
endobj
74 0 obj[70 0 R/XYZ 0 670.738 null]
endobj
75 0 obj[70 0 R/XYZ 0 623.117 null]
endobj
76 0 obj[70 0 R/XYZ 0 575.497 null]
endobj
77 0 obj[70 0 R/XYZ 0 511.055 null]
endobj
78 0 obj[70 0 R/XYZ 0 436.512 null]
endobj
79 0 obj<>
endobj
80 0 obj<>
endobj
81 0 obj<>
endobj
82 0 obj<>
endobj
83 0 obj<>
endobj
84 0 obj<>
endobj
85 0 obj<>
endobj
86 0 obj<>
endobj
87 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-s\
ervices for higher )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that\
period. )Tj
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
88 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
T*
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
T*
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
T*
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234signed up\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 paid an annual sum which )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
T*
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
T*
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(2 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
89 0 obj<>
endobj
90 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
T*
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
T*
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(East's comment that the committee's activity was \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pragmatism in search of a policy\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
T*
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
T*
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
T*
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
91 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234muscle\342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make lif\
e easier )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
T*
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
T*
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
T*
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
T*
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
T*
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
T*
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
T*
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 and still ongoing service \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 was the Consortium of )Tj
T*
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
T*
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
93 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.5709 Tm
(There was no commonly accepted standard for resource discovery and so th\
e Resource Organisation and Discovery in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Subject-based Services \(ROADS\) project was set up, to support the Inte\
rnet Anonymous FTP Archive \(IAFA\) templates )Tj
T*
(and encourage their use \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Heery, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). It was felt that it was less important whether this was the right de\
cision than to )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(demonstrate that UK HE was seen as a major player with a right to a plac\
e in the fora where standards decisions were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(being made. The subjects covered were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 655.6636 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 655.6636 Tm
(Art, Design, Architecture and Media \(ADAM\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This project was based at the Surrey Institute of Art and Design and )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(covered a quite unusual set of resources required by groups as varied as\
fashion design students and jewellery )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(craftsmen \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Bradshaw, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Visual images were a major element here. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 614.5866 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 614.5866 Tm
(Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library \(EEVL\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at Heriot Watt University and supported the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(engineering community \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Macleod and Kerr, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 586.4326 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 586.4326 Tm
(Organising Medical Networked Information \(OMNI\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at the National Institute for Medical Research )Tj
T*
(at the University of Nottingham and covered medicine \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wood, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 558.2786 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 558.2786 Tm
(Resource for Urban Design Information \(RUDI\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This covered urban design and was based at the University of )Tj
T*
(Hertfordshire and Oxford Brookes University. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 532.4166 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 532.4166 Tm
(Social Sciences Information Gateway \(SOSIG\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at the University of Bristol and covered the social )Tj
T*
(sciences. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(It should be evident from this list of projects that ISSC was firmly ado\
pting the distributed model championed by the eLib )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Programme to ensure that as many institutions as possible were engaged i\
n developing e-activity, as a means of ensuring )Tj
T*
(the widest possible support base and the largest number of proselytisers\
possible: )Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
(By 2006 some of these services formed the UK's Resource Discovery Networ\
k \(RDN\) which comprised eight )Tj
1.39 -1.2 Td
(separate subject gateways. )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
(Altis \(hospitality, sports, leisure and tourism\). )Tj
T*
(3. )Tj
(Artifact \(arts and creative industries\). )Tj
T*
(4. )Tj
(BIOME \(health and life sciences\). )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(5. )Tj
(EEVL \(engineering, mathematics and computing\). )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(6. )Tj
(GEsource \(geography and the environment\). )Tj
T*
(7. )Tj
(Humbul \(humanities\). )Tj
T*
(8. )Tj
(PSIgate \(physical sciences\). )Tj
T*
(9. )Tj
(SOSIG \(social sciences\). )Tj
-2.324 -2.964 Td
(However, as a result of a detailed planning and consultation process, th\
e RDN service was extensively re-structured and re-)Tj
T*
(branded in mid-2006 in order to create a new more consolidated service w\
ith closer integration of subject areas, and to )Tj
T*
(provide a single interface for users. The resulting service, known as In\
tute, was launched in July 2006 \(www.intute.ac.uk\). )Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(6. Conclusion )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The work of the ISSC is largely and perhaps rightly forgotten, and usual\
ly, but incorrectly, subsumed under the general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(banner of the eLib Programme. This is of little moment other than to tho\
se directly concerned. FIGIT and the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme defined a decade of momentous change and quite clearly changed\
a centralised institutionally based )Tj
T*
(information culture, to a personal, individual desktop based information\
culture; and yet few of the 70 or so eLib projects )Tj
T*
(have survived or are remembered, except in the fond memories of the good\
old days. Paradoxically, as described above, )Tj
T*
(much of the work and infrastructure created by ISSC survives, yet the co\
mmittee itself is forgotten. ISSC and FIGIT were )Tj
T*
(harmoniously working the same patch until both were reconstructed in 199\
7. ISSC does however, have one bit of work that )Tj
T*
(has faded away, but deserves not to be lost. It articulated the principl\
es of acquisition and the concept of a distributed )Tj
T*
(national resource. The latter has been usefully recast at least twice as\
the world has moved on, but the former has passed )Tj
T*
(into a comfortable desuetude which perhaps denotes the acceptance of the\
principles as a norm; but an occasional )Tj
T*
(reminder that the HE community acts on principle and not just pragmatica\
lly is no bad thing.)Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(6 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
94 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 eLib and the emergence of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(7 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
95 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 450.512 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 340.506 86.746 11.769 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 754.0185 Tm
(Pinfield, S. \(1998\), "The use of BIDS ISI in a research university: a \
case study of the University )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Birmingham", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 32 No.3, pp.225-40. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Scanlon, S. \(1993\), )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The UK's Networked Dataset Revolution Continues, Library & Information )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Briefings, No. 50)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Library Information Technology Centre, London, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(UKOLN \(2006\), )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group: Report)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, available at: www.)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(ukoln.ac.uk/services/papers/follett/report/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Verdon, F.P., Wells, M. \(1995\), "Computing in British universities: th\
e Computer Board 1966-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(1991", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Computer Journal)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 38 No.10, pp.822-30. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Waddell, P. \(1993\), "The potential for electronic journals in UK acade\
mia", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Libraries and IT: )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Working Papers of the Information Technology Sub-committee of the HEFC's\
Libraries )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Review)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, The Office for Library and Information Networking, Bath, pp.239-71. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Wood, E.H. \(2005\), "OMNI: the UK's gateway to high quality internet re\
sources in health and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(medicine", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 9 No.2, pp.61-5. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 454.51 Tm
(Further Reading)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 439.93 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Law, D. \(1994\), "The development of a national policy for dataset prov\
ision in the UK: a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(historical perspective", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Journal of Information Networking)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 1 No.2, pp.103-16. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 380.7513 Tm
( )Tj
14 0 0 14 10 367.5401 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 356.2739 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(About the author )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.991 TD
(Derek Law is Librarian and Head of Information Resources Directorate and\
Research Fellow in the Centre for Digital Library )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Research at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UK. Derek Law can b\
e contacted at: d.law@strath.ac.uk)Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(8 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
96 0 obj(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)
endobj
97 0 obj<>
endobj
98 0 obj<>
endobj
99 0 obj<>
endobj
100 0 obj<>
endobj
101 0 obj[98 0 R]
endobj
102 0 obj(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.htm)
endobj
103 0 obj(tš\(Ï=̾ÖÀi‡S)
endobj
104 0 obj<>
endobj
105 0 obj<>
endobj
106 0 obj(zoÔà~}ß!ÉÇé\\±!Ž…)
endobj
107 0 obj<>
endobj
108 0 obj<>
endobj
109 0 obj<>
endobj
110 0 obj<>
endobj
111 0 obj<>stream
2006-10-31T16:18:39Z
2006-10-31T16:18:37Z
2006-10-31T16:18:39Z
application/pdf
Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history
uuid:11864e3b-1f35-4c34-8ade-be483efbd712
uuid:e9697178-47af-49b2-8602-5f9942cdbbfa
Acrobat Web Capture 7.0
endstream
endobj
xref
0 112
0000000004 00000 f
0000000016 00000 n
0000000144 00000 n
0000000244 00000 n
0000000006 00000 f
0000000410 00000 n
0000000000 00001 f
0000000478 00000 n
0000000578 00000 n
0000000622 00000 n
0000000669 00000 n
0000000946 00000 n
0000001175 00000 n
0000001273 00000 n
0000001297 00000 n
0000001496 00000 n
0000001520 00000 n
0000001738 00000 n
0000001762 00000 n
0000001960 00000 n
0000002026 00000 n
0000002225 00000 n
0000002422 00000 n
0000002621 00000 n
0000002819 00000 n
0000003017 00000 n
0000003215 00000 n
0000003456 00000 n
0000003480 00000 n
0000003679 00000 n
0000003731 00000 n
0000003930 00000 n
0000004128 00000 n
0000004327 00000 n
0000004526 00000 n
0000004767 00000 n
0000004791 00000 n
0000004989 00000 n
0000005020 00000 n
0000005215 00000 n
0000005456 00000 n
0000005480 00000 n
0000005679 00000 n
0000005731 00000 n
0000005925 00000 n
0000006123 00000 n
0000006321 00000 n
0000006519 00000 n
0000006748 00000 n
0000006772 00000 n
0000006970 00000 n
0000007015 00000 n
0000007212 00000 n
0000007411 00000 n
0000007608 00000 n
0000007823 00000 n
0000007847 00000 n
0000007905 00000 n
0000008457 00000 n
0000008500 00000 n
0000008543 00000 n
0000008586 00000 n
0000008629 00000 n
0000008672 00000 n
0000008715 00000 n
0000008758 00000 n
0000008801 00000 n
0000008844 00000 n
0000008887 00000 n
0000008930 00000 n
0000008973 00000 n
0000009176 00000 n
0000009217 00000 n
0000009241 00000 n
0000009284 00000 n
0000009327 00000 n
0000009370 00000 n
0000009413 00000 n
0000009456 00000 n
0000009499 00000 n
0000009589 00000 n
0000010766 00000 n
0000010992 00000 n
0000012172 00000 n
0000012399 00000 n
0000013572 00000 n
0000013792 00000 n
0000013852 00000 n
0000020369 00000 n
0000027449 00000 n
0000027515 00000 n
0000035211 00000 n
0000042577 00000 n
0000049502 00000 n
0000055537 00000 n
0000059782 00000 n
0000063037 00000 n
0000063101 00000 n
0000063138 00000 n
0000063247 00000 n
0000063277 00000 n
0000063379 00000 n
0000063404 00000 n
0000063497 00000 n
0000063533 00000 n
0000063697 00000 n
0000063750 00000 n
0000063786 00000 n
0000063830 00000 n
0000063874 00000 n
0000063961 00000 n
0000064089 00000 n
trailer
<<3C1B3D9DC2521A479F61374E481C41CD>]>>
startxref
67572
%%EOF
1 0 obj<>
endobj
3 0 obj<>
endobj
11 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
16 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
26 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
34 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
39 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
47 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
54 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
70 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
112 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-s\
ervices for higher )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that\
period. )Tj
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
113 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 185.0318 496.8196 Tm
(\223A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-se\
rvices for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that\
period. )Tj
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
114 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 185.0319 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that\
period. )Tj
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
115 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 176.955 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that\
period. )Tj
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
116 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that\
period. )Tj
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
117 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 75.5197 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
118 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 71.9337 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
119 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 63.8568 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
120 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interac\
tion with the much better known )Tj
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
121 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.146 547.661 Tm
(\223The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interact\
ion with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
122 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1461 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
123 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 62.0692 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
124 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
125 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 110.8536 433.9059 Tm
(\223Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
126 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 110.8536 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
127 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 102.7767 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
128 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 183.3169 364.2515 Tm
(Program: electronic library and information systems)Tj
2.61 -1.2 Td
(Volume 40 Number 4 2006 pp. 315-324 )Tj
-5.758 -1.2 Td
(Copyright \302\251 Emerald Group Publishing Limited ISSN 0033-0337)Tj
ET
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
129 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 404.6815 Tm
(Article Type: )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Viewpoint)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.227 TD
(Keyword\(s\): )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(University libraries; Digital libraries; Telecommunication networks; Uni\
ted Kingdom. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
130 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(1 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
131 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
0 0 0 rg
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
T*
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
132 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234signed up\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 paid an annual sum which )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
T*
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(2 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
133 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234signed up\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 paid an annual sum which )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
T*
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
134 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(East's comment that the committee's activity was \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pragmatism in search of a policy\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
135 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(East's comment that the committee's activity was \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 260.3947 634.8761 Tm
(pragmatism in search of a policy\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
136 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was \342pragmatism in searc\
h of a policy\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
137 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
138 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234signed up\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 435.5988 393.646 Tm
(\235paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
139 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234signed up\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 435.5987 393.646 Tm
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
140 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 364.6728 393.646 Tm
(signed up\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
141 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
\342signed up\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
142 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
143 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up\342paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
144 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed uppaid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
145 0 obj<>
endobj
146 0 obj<>
endobj
147 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less tha\
n half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
148 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 252.4362 216.2426 Tm
(\223online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
149 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 252.4363 216.2426 Tm
(online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
150 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\223 and often charged \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 244.3593 216.2426 Tm
(online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
151 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 141.9873 216.2426 Tm
(\223 and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the J\
oint Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
152 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 141.9873 216.2426 Tm
(\223and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Jo\
int Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
153 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 141.9874 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
154 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 133.9104 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
155 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web \
was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
156 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 71.3521 162.5258 Tm
(\235\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web w\
as funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
157 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 71.3521 162.5258 Tm
(\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web was f\
unded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
158 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
T*
(standards\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 63.2752 162.5258 Tm
(\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the web was f\
unded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
159 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is ex\
pected to be so for some )Tj
T*
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
160 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 110.2613 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
161 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 102.1843 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
162 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
163 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 91.6951 108.809 Tm
(\235\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
164 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 91.6951 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
165 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 83.6181 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
166 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
167 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 456.2757 60.6599 Tm
(batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -24.405 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
168 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 60.6599 Tm
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 \342batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -24.405 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
169 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 60.6599 Tm
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235 )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -24.405 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
170 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 60.6599 Tm
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\235)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -24.405 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
171 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 60.6599 Tm
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 batch processed\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -24.405 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
172 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 60.6599 Tm
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 batch processed\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -24.405 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
173 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0.451 0.784 0.671 rg
0 i
272.5 744 67 22 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
10 625.754 592 15.508 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 571.892 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
287.5 747 16 16 re
S
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 733.3755 Tm
( )Tj
16.796 -1.1 Td
(Remembering history)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 38.8735 702.4904 Tm
(The work of the Information Services Sub-Committee of the Joint Informat\
ion Systems )Tj
15.754 -1.2 Td
(Committee in the UK)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 671.5602 Tm
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 280.2669 658.984 Tm
(Derek Law )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 644.6371 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
12.9231 0 0 12.9231 10 630.552 Tm
(The Authors )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 615.1294 Tm
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 98.9292 602.5373 Tm
(Derek Law, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Centre for Digital Library Research, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,\
UK)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 588.1904 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 575.8902 Tm
(Abstract )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 561.2673 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
(Purpose)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.0815 547.661 Tm
(The paper seeks to record the work of the committee and its interaction \
with the much better known )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -1.227 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme. It also examines the principles\
that underlay the development of content acquisition )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and supporting infrastructure in UK university libraries in the 1990s. \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Design/methodology/approach)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 170.9673 496.8196 Tm
(A historical account of the development of nationally organised e-servic\
es for higher )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -5.948 TD
(education in the 1990s, based on personal recollection, committee minute\
s and contemporary reports. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Findings)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 57.8691 458.9013 Tm
(Confirms the continuing relevance of principles established in that peri\
od. )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 547.661 Tm
0 -9.369 TD
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.194 TD
(Originality/value)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.7891 433.9059 Tm
(Provides a record of previously undocumented work.)Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 420.898 m
10 422.898 l
602 422.898 l
601 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
11 421.898 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 422.898 m
602 420.898 l
10 420.898 l
11 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
601 421.898 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 391.4677 Tm
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 376.8436 Tm
( )Tj
ET
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 325.699 m
10 327.699 l
602 327.699 l
601 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
11 326.699 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 327.699 m
602 325.699 l
10 325.699 l
11 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
601 326.699 l
h
f
Q
BT
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(1. Introduction )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(As we enter the Web 2.0 world it is very easy to forget how recent most \
of the electronic environment we take for granted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is; to lose track of the maze of false starts and blind alleys; to forge\
t that what we take for granted is not deeply embedded. )Tj
T*
(The web has existed for barely 15 years. A decade ago Google and Amazon \
and Skype did not exist and libraries still had )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(a monopoly of mediated )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 127.9226 216.2426 Tm
(and often charged online searching services. As late as 1995, the Joint \
Information )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -9.958 TD
(Systems Committee \(JISC\) of the UK Higher Education Funding Council ha\
d just joined the World Wide Web Organization )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(W3O\) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W3O was the foreru\
nner of the World Wide Web Consortium \(W3C\), )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(an international group where \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\234member organisations, a full-time staff and the public work together\
to develop web )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 162.5258 Tm
(standards\(www.w3.org/Consortium/\). In February 1995 a workshop on the \
web was funded by the JISC's New )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -14.946 TD
(Technology Initiatives, and organised by the Advisory Group on Computer \
Graphics \(AGOCG\) as part of the Support )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Initiative for Multimedia Application \(SIMA\). The workshop was attende\
d by \(only\) 54 higher education \(HE\) institutions it )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(was reported that )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 96.1966 122.7444 Tm
(The WWW is clearly an important tool for many applications and is expect\
ed to be so for some )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -18.734 TD
(years to come)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 77.6304 108.809 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mumford, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(\). This underwhelming vote of confidence simply reflects the fact that \
today's broad and )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -20.147 TD
(certain highway was not a self-evidently obvious path to follow.)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 60.6599 Tm
(The growth of database usage for online searching had been slow. In 1971\
a mere 18,000 batch processed)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 310.5592 Tm
0 -24.405 TD
(searches of the Medical Literature and Analysis Retrieval System \(MEDLA\
RS\) database were conducted in the whole of )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
174 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 36.0399 726.6189 Tm
(\235model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than\
half offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
175 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 36.0399 726.6189 Tm
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
176 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 27.963 726.6189 Tm
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
177 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
178 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234pay-as-you-)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
179 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 534.6647 740.5542 Tm
(pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
180 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a \342pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
181 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
T*
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
182 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 64.4491 684.5436 Tm
(\235computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connect\
ions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
183 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 64.449 684.5436 Tm
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
184 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234local\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 56.3721 684.5436 Tm
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
185 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 -1.294 TD
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 18.0769 684.5436 Tm
(local\342computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications co\
nnections. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
186 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local\342computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications co\
nnections. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
187 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(localcomputers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connec\
tions. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
188 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
189 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missiles Corporation of Palo Alto, California l\
aunched its Dialog service )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 740.5542 Tm
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
190 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
191 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
0 -1.507 TD
(described as \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 88.109 67.7592 Tm
(A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
192 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 67.7592 Tm
(described as \342A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
193 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 67.7592 Tm
(described as A giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
194 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 67.7592 Tm
(described as giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
195 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 67.7592 Tm
(described as )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether t\
he general )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
196 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 67.7592 Tm
(described as )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( giant leap in the dark\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(. In a world of mediated online searching it was not clear whether the g\
eneral )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
197 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 67.7592 Tm
(described as )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( giant leap in the dark\342. In a world of mediated online searching it \
was not clear whether the general )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
198 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(the US \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Landesman, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). In 1972 the Lockheed Missile)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 288.3299 756.7834 Tm
( of Palo Alto, California launched its Dialog service )Tj
-25.845 -1.507 Td
(which provided online searching of secondary abstracting and indexing da\
tabases and which charged on a pay-as-you-)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -2.801 TD
(go)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 21.9753 726.6189 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(model. A 1984 survey of 376 US HE institutions showed that less than hal\
f offered online searching services, and of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.001 TD
(those that did, less than 5.8 per cent performed more than 1,000 searche\
s a year \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Perry, 1992)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). This was the time when )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(CD-ROM was seen as the answer to online searching and we loaded as many \
as two dozen datasets in jukeboxes run on )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 684.5436 Tm
(local)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(computers thus obviating the need for any telecommunications connections\
. There was agonised debate as to )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -7.908 TD
(whether users should have mandatory training courses on how to search th\
e online databases before being allowed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have their carefully pre-booked sessions at library terminals.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Following the huge expansion in undergraduates studying in UK universiti\
es in the early 1990s a review of library provision )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was set up in 1992 under the chairmanship of Sir Brian Follett. )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( provided an overview of the contribution of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(the Information Technology Sub-Committee of the Follett Review and subse\
quently went on to chair the JISC committee )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(responsible for the resulting Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme of\
70 or so funded projects. This author served on that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(committee and was also Chair of the Information Services Sub-Committee \(\
ISSC\). In this paper the work of the ISSC and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its links with the eLib Programme are explored.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(2. The UK funding councils and libraries )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(In 1991 the Computer Board of the then University Grants Committee was r\
ecast to become the Information Systems )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Committee \(ISC\) of the Universities Funding Council \(UFC\). Its origi\
nal role had been the funding of mainframe computers )Tj
T*
(in the then much smaller number of universities in the UK \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Verdon and Wells, 1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Board members revelled in the formal )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(title of godfather \(this author being briefly, but officially, the godf\
ather for Wales!\). The Computer Board was prescient in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sensing that while the need for centrally funded computers was disappear\
ing, there was continuing benefit in a centrally )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managed programme promoting the electronic world which was beginning to \
appear. It therefore began work on the first )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 393.646 Tm
(national dataset procurement. The concept was that any institution that \
signed up)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(paid an annual sum which )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -34.92 TD
(resulted in all searches being then carried out free at the point of use\
. The ISC only had the time to award the contract for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Institute for Scientific Information \(ISI\) dataset \(comprising th\
e Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index )Tj
T*
(and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index\) before it too disappeared t\
o become the JISC, while UFC was balkanised as )Tj
T*
(the \(national\) Funding Councils \(i.e. the Higher Education Funding Co\
uncil for England, the Scottish Higher Education )Tj
T*
(Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the\
Department for Employment and Learning, )Tj
T*
(Northern Ireland\). ISC's other significant achievement in its one year \
life was to decide to commission a national review, the )Tj
T*
(specification for which became the IT component of the Follett Review \(\
)Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(UKOLN, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). JISC operated then, as now, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(through a series of sub-committees, and the Information Services Sub-Com\
mittee \(ISSC\) was set up and charged with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(managing and developing the support infrastructure for the UK's Joint Ac\
ademic Network \(JANET\) and with developing and )Tj
T*
(implementing a national datasets policy. In 1993 came the Follett Report\
and its findings related to information technology )Tj
T*
(as described by )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Brindley \(1994\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(, the National Center for Supercomputer Applications \(NCSA\) Mosaic web\
browser and the )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(first SuperJANET contract to deliver 34Mb connectivity to 55 universitie\
s. The world had changed irredeemably.)Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(3. A national datasets policy for the UK )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The Computer Board had had its offices in Orange Street in central Londo\
n. Close by stands what was the traditional post-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(meeting venue of the Hand and Racquet public house. It was here that the\
main discussions took place to plan the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the ISI dataset. A combination of ambition, an end of yea\
r Computer Board surplus and a publisher end of )Tj
T*
(year sales shortfall led to the striking of the first ever national data\
set deal. The initial deals focused on abstracts and )Tj
T*
(indexes. Electronic journals were still experimental and, even in 1993, \
the report for the Follett Committee was very )Tj
T*
(ambivalent as to their potential \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI deal was accomplished quickly and was immediately and formal\
ly )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 67.7592 Tm
(described as )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(a)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( giant leap in the dark. In a world of mediated online searching it was \
not clear whether the general )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -65.181 TD
(mass of users would have either the skill or ambition to undertake their\
own searches. The first deal with ISI was very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(successful, being adopted by some 76 institutions, but the second and th\
ird deals \(involving the biomedical and )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
199 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
200 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy\342 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
201 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
T*
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
202 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
0 -3.058 TD
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 372.4159 477.2688 Tm
(DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
203 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he \342DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
204 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
205 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
206 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT\342 strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
207 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
208 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 257.3717 266.9259 Tm
(\235\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
209 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 257.3717 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
210 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 249.2946 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
211 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 to set its own )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
212 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 498.9248 160.2282 Tm
( to set its own )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
0 -6.095 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
213 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 490.8479 160.2282 Tm
( to set its own )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
0 -6.095 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
214 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234clout)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 484.8602 160.2282 Tm
( to set its own )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
0 -6.095 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
215 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 451.9496 160.2282 Tm
(clout to set its own )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
0 -6.095 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
216 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 443.8726 160.2282 Tm
(clout to set its own )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
0 -6.095 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
217 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 437.8849 160.2282 Tm
(clout to set its own )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
0 -6.095 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(3 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
218 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
(pharmacological database \(EmBase\) and Inside Information which provide\
d access to the journal contents of the British )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Library's current journal holdings\) attracted only 22 institutions \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISI databases were initially available )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(for searching via the Bath Information and Data Services \(BIDS\). )Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pinfield \(1998\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( describes how the BIDS ISI service came )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(to play a central role in bibliographic research in UK HE and provides d\
etails of its use at the University of Birmingham. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Indeed, it was a sufficiently large change to move from mediated to unre\
stricted access that a Computer Board sub-)Tj
T*
(committee was set up to review needs and policy and, in effect, retrospe\
ctively to validate the rushed decision. The )Tj
T*
(advantage of this approach was that from the start a set of principles w\
as established, mainly by the ISSC, to guide policy )Tj
T*
(on datasets. With a budget of eight million pounds a year to acquire dat\
asets and a nervous and uncertain publishing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(industry, the ISSC spent a lot of effort in determining its guiding prin\
ciples. Some of this thinking was spurred by Harry )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 634.8761 Tm
(East's comment that the committee's activity was pragmatism in search of\
a policy \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(East, 1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Some ten years )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -12.733 TD
(on, it seems worth rescuing these now forgotten principles from the mist\
s of time, not least because they have helped )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shape where we are.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(By 1994 the ISSC had developed the concept of the Distributed National E\
lectronic Resource \(DNER\). The model was still )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seen as a centrally funded and driven one, but was to be based at five n\
ational data centres. One of these already existed )Tj
T*
(as the Data Archive at Essex, whose funding was taken over by JISC; one \
was to be a new distributed model in the Arts )Tj
T*
(and Humanities Data Centre, awarded to King's College London by competit\
ion. Also by competition, Bath, Edinburgh and )Tj
T*
(Manchester Universities were designated as national data centres. The Ed\
inburgh centre is known as Edina \(http://edina.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/\) and the one in Manchester as MIMAS \(www.mimas.ac.uk/\).)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 477.2688 Tm
(By this time the first ISI contract was coming close to renewal and so t\
he DONUT strategy was created. This )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 756.7834 Tm
0 -27.155 TD
(model described two situations. A core of universal datasets, such as IS\
I, would be purchased for all. This would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(surrounded by a whole series of subject specific datasets. It was clear \
that the substantially positive response to the )Tj
T*
(acquisition of the first dataset and its heavier than expected usage, as\
well as the public knowledge of the eight million )Tj
T*
(pound budget would lead to publishers in general, and ISI in particular,\
to adopt a much tougher negotiating position. The )Tj
T*
(DONUT strategy then offered ISI the option of being the jam in the dough\
nut or the hole in the doughnut; they could be part )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the solution or part of the problem \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scanlon, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The ISSC stance was deliberately hard. National deals were still a )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(novelty and yet there was much more data than the budget could buy. If a\
publisher was difficult they could simply be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignored since there was always another deal to hand.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(Underpinning negotiations with publishers were a set of principles that \
may now seem self-evident, but certainly were not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious in the early 1990s. These were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 294.8181 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
(Free at the point of use.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was certainly not a given. Charged mediated searching had been the\
norm and this )Tj
0 -1.296 TD
(had always been a source of irritation to the computer literate and a 19\
93 report stated that \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\23490 per cent of )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(academics had their own microcomputer)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 243.3068 266.9259 Tm
(\()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Waddell, 1993)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). The determination to spread electronic methods of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 294.8181 Tm
0 -4.003 TD
(working which permeated all JISC programmes would be held back by chargi\
ng, but encouraged by free access. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The view was also heavily coloured by the fact that the membership of th\
e ISSC was dominated by librarians for )Tj
T*
(whom free access to information was an article of faith. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 212.9434 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
(Subscription- not transaction-based.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This model had been developed by The Combined Higher Education Software\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Team \(CHEST\) based at the University of Bath for the purchase of softw\
are licences for UK universities \(www.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eduserv.org.uk/chest/\). This again fitted comfortably with the libraria\
ns' view of how information should be made )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available and their experience with printed journal subscriptions. At th\
at point publishers were pressing the )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(transaction-based model. Fortunately, the size of the budget gave JISC s\
ufficient )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 437.8849 160.2282 Tm
(clout to set its own )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 212.9434 Tm
0 -6.095 TD
(terms, while the experience of CHEST in negotiation ensured success. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 134.3748 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 134.3748 Tm
(Universality.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The intention was to use the budget to cover all disciplines. This agai\
n was a hard fought debate. The )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pressure was to spend the budget entirely on big science research public\
ations as these were the most expensive )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and therefore most at risk of being cancelled in most institutions. Howe\
ver, there was a clear wish to spread )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(computer skills and practice throughout the HE community. It was felt th\
at this would be greatly helped if every )Tj
T*
(member of staff and every student had access to at least one resource th\
at was essential to them. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 69.7435 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 69.7435 Tm
(Lowest common denominator.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( In the same way it was clear that there should be something for staff a\
nd students at )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(all levels. In the post-1992 world with double the number of universitie\
s there was no political will to set up an elite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(system of resources rather than a mass system. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
219 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234muscle\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make lif\
e easier )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
220 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234muscle\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 246.3118 716.9912 Tm
(\235would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life\
easier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
221 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234muscle\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 246.3117 716.9912 Tm
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
222 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234muscle\342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 238.2348 716.9912 Tm
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
223 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 187.975 716.9912 Tm
(\234musclewould allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to mak\
e life easier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
224 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 187.975 716.9912 Tm
(\234muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
225 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(confident that its financial \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 187.975 716.9912 Tm
(muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
226 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial \342muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
227 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at \302\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
T*
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
228 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's \302\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT fun\
ded development projects and exploratory work through )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
T*
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
229 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\234technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
230 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 119.7414 207.1306 Tm
(technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
231 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
(technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
232 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235 service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
233 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\235service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
234 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(technology watch\342)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_2 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
235 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(technology watch\342service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
236 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(technology watchservice. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
237 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(technology watch)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
238 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 111.6644 207.1306 Tm
(technology watch)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
239 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 105.6767 207.1306 Tm
(technology watch)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(4 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
240 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 756.7834 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
(Commonality of interfaces.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This turned out to be a clear area of failure, although it may have hel\
ped to develop )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(thinking on interoperability. Every publisher had developed, or was deve\
loping, different search and operating )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(systems for their products and it was clear that this was set to become \
a nightmare for users. The ISSC was )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 716.9912 Tm
(confident that its financial muscle)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would allow it to start imposing sufficient commonality to make life eas\
ier )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.7834 Tm
0 -4.895 TD
(for users. This proved a fond hope. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 691.1379 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
(Common mass instruction programmes.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It seemed clear that such a large change required a major training )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(component to deliver the full benefit of the principles. Initially, this\
focussed on a partnership approach with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(JANET User Group for Libraries \(JUGL\). The issue remained prominent as\
JISC's work expanded and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Electronic Libraries \(eLib\) Programme funded the Netskills programme b\
ased at Newcastle University. Netskills )Tj
T*
(was one of the seven projects funded in the Training and Awareness secti\
on of the eLib programme \(www.ukoln.ac.)Tj
T*
(uk/services/elib/projects/\). The need continued to be important and thi\
s soon developed into a large enough activity )Tj
T*
(to require its own Sub-Committee, CALT \(Committee for Awareness, Learni\
ng and Training\). At the same time )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(much emphasis was placed on producing high quality documentation to supp\
ort datasets purchased. )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(4. ISSC and the Follett Implementation Group on Information Technology \(\
FIGIT\) )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(When the Follett Report was published in late 1993 it endorsed further d\
evelopment of activity in what was now a JISC core )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(programme of database and dataset provision and the development of netwo\
rk navigation tools and services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT3 1 Tf
(Brindley, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1994)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). When the FIGIT Group was set up in 1994 to implement the Follett rec\
ommendations, harmony of development was )Tj
T*
(ensured through cross-membership of the two committees. The ISSC budget \
remained at )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 439.1556 471.9308 Tm
(\2438 million per annum compared )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -21.555 Td
(with FIGIT's )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 70.1059 459.0078 Tm
(\2433 million. As a broad division of labour, FIGIT funded development p\
rojects and exploratory work through )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 691.1379 Tm
-3.714 -22.755 Td
(the eLib Programme, while the ISSC funded operational services and infra\
structure. This was never a hard and fast rule, of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(course. FIGIT had the following initial thematic lines to pursue under C\
hris Rusbridge's energetic and imaginative )Tj
T*
(leadership:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 388.3074 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 388.3074 Tm
(electronic document and article delivery; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 375.3844 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 375.3844 Tm
(electronic journals; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 362.4613 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 362.4613 Tm
(digitisation; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 349.5382 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 349.5382 Tm
(on-demand publishing; )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 336.6151 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 336.6151 Tm
(access to network resources; and )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 323.692 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 323.692 Tm
(training and awareness. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(Matters of interest which fell outside those lines tended to be picked u\
p by the ISSC. In terms of infrastructure the ISSC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supported a number of activities. By 1995 the key ones were: )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 246.9228 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 246.9228 Tm
(AGOCG.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The Advisory Group on Computer Graphics, which provided a single nation\
al focus for computer )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(graphics, visualisation and multimedia. Based at Loughborough University\
it carried out software and hardware )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evaluations, ran workshops and seminars and assisted sites in the introd\
uction of key technologies. It offered a )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(then useful )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 105.6767 207.1306 Tm
(technology watch)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(service. AGOCG ceased in 1999. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 194.2004 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 194.2004 Tm
(Cache service.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was still a novelty in the mid-1990s when the provision of bandwid\
th \(or more accurately the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(cost of such provision\) was a major issue for JISC. Cache sites simply \
capture the international traffic and store it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for a brief period. This assumes that the best guide to what will be use\
d is what has been used. Early results )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(showed that a modest investment in servers produced the equivalent of a \
large increase in bandwidth, and a )Tj
T*
(national service was duly set up. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 129.5691 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 129.5691 Tm
(The Database Resources Research Group.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( Evaluation was an early and important requirement for all services. It \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(was felt that even a modest investment in electronic services would be b\
etter made in knowledge of how they were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(used. A small unit was therefore funded at City University \(until 1998\)\
to study who used network services and why. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 90.784 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 90.784 Tm
(CHEST.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( CHEST was based jointly at Bath and De Montfort Universities. It was re\
sponsible for the negotiation of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(software and data purchases on a national basis, either through purchase\
or by licensing. Software purchasing was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a longstanding Computer Board activity taken over and extended by ISSC; \
by mobilising the total purchasing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(power of the HE community, large discounts were acquired. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 39.0758 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 39.0758 Tm
(Resource discovery.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( A review study of the Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery\
and Retrieval )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
241 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 307.7285 456.0728 Tm
(\223and still ongoing service \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
242 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 307.7286 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
243 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 299.6515 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
244 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
245 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
246 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
247 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service \342was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
248 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
249 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 298.1224 442.1375 Tm
(\223http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
250 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 298.1225 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
251 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 290.0454 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
252 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 284.0576 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\223 probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
T*
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
253 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 284.0576 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 424.5528 108.1415 Tm
(\223probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -46.544 Td
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
254 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 284.0576 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
/T1_2 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 424.5529 108.1415 Tm
(probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -46.544 Td
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
255 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 284.0576 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable \342)Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 416.4758 108.1415 Tm
(probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -46.544 Td
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
256 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 284.0576 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 410.488 108.1415 Tm
(probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -46.544 Td
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(5 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
257 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 756.1368 Tm
(\(CNIDR\) and of the Internet Network Information Center \(InterNIC\) in\
the US was completed in 1994 to consider )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(how we might use these American ideas in a UK context to make generally \
available information on network )Tj
T*
(developments and standards and to provide advice and leadership on local\
system design. Although not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completely followed through this did lead to the development of resource\
discovery services \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Law and Dempsey, )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(1995)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) such as ADAM, EEVL and SOSIG which are described in the next section.\
)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 686.9376 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 686.9376 Tm
(MAILBASE.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is now difficult to remember a time when e-mail was not the pre-emin\
ent communication form. But in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(the mid-1990s it remained a minority activity. What did exist was often \
channelled through listservers. Mailbase )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was based at the University of Newcastle and organised the Listserv acti\
vity in the UK Its brief was wider however )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and it also set out to organise the communities which would operate list\
servers. In 2000 the Mailbase service )Tj
T*
(migrated to JISCMail \(www.jiscmail.ac.uk\) and is one of a number of se\
rvices provided by JANET \(www.ja.net\) )Tj
T*
(provided by the UK's Education and Research Networking Association \(UKE\
RNA\) and funded by JISC to benefit )Tj
T*
(the learning, teaching and research communities in the UK. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 596.4601 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
(UKOLN.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( It is again difficult to remember a time when UKOLN did not exist, but \
in its present form it was created in )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(1992, when the much lamented British Library Research & Development Depa\
rtment and ISC agreed jointly to fund )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new unit based on two older units at the University of Bath \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dempsey, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Under a succession of energetic )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(leaders UKOLN has become one of the outstanding bequests of the ISC \(ww\
w.ukoln.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-3.714 -2.864 Td
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(5. Resource discovery )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(Perhaps the area in which the ISSC worked most closely with FIGIT was th\
at of resource discovery. This operated at )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(several levels. The first was overtly political. The first major )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 293.6637 456.0728 Tm
(and still ongoing service was the Consortium of )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -14.33 Td
(University Research Libraries \(CURL\) OPAC \(or COPAC )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 284.0576 442.1375 Tm
(http://copac.ac.uk\) database \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Cousins, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). While a good )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -15.743 Td
(thing to do in its own right, the protracted negotiations with CURL to g\
ain access to the database were very clearly signalled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(as being intended to undermine the cash-strapped British Library's much \
rumoured intention to charge for use of its new )Tj
T*
(OPAC. It was also intended to provide some underpinning infrastructure t\
o the document delivery strand of the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme, again potentially undercutting the British Library if it cont\
inued to raise document delivery prices.)Tj
0 -2.964 TD
(The ISSC also took over and developed three existing services during the\
1990s:)Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Higher Education National Software Archive)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(HENSA, 1999)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). HENSA was a shareware archive. It had two parts, )Tj
1.39 -1.413 Td
(with Unix numerical and statistical software offered from the University\
of Kent and PC software from Lancaster )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(University. At Kent, Internet searches could also be performed using the\
archive server. In 1999 the HENSA )Tj
T*
(service was superceded by the JISC's National Mirror Service \(www.mirro\
r.ac.uk/\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(National Information Services and Systems \(NISS\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The NISS set of services was based at the University of Bath )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(and concentrated on current information ranging from yellow pages to new\
spapers. It aimed to promote an )Tj
T*
(electronic information culture through providing access to useful collec\
tions of information. It also acted as a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateway to other services and resources, including OPACs at UK universit\
ies, and provided information through )Tj
T*
(the NISS Bulletin Board. In the early 2000s NISS became part of the High\
er Education and Research Opportunities )Tj
T*
(in the UK \(HERO\) website \(www.hero.ac.uk/uk/niss/index.cfm\). )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(3. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(BUBL.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( The BUBL Information Service, now based at the University of Strathclyd\
e \(http://bubl.ac.uk\), offered an )Tj
1.39 -1.201 Td
(Internet current awareness service, together with organised, user-friend\
ly access to Internet resources and )Tj
T*
(services with a combined gopher/WWW subject tree being a particular feat\
ure. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(But ISSC also worked with FIGIT on a more developmental approach and too\
k responsibility for developing subject-based )Tj
T*
(services, in response to user demand. These services had a common theme \
and a common set of standards. It was )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(believed that attempting to catalogue everything on the Internet was not\
reasonable )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 410.488 108.1415 Tm
(probably a bad decision in the light )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 596.4601 Tm
-3.714 -46.544 Td
(of Google's success! Instead, it was intended to make available a limite\
d set of resources of importance to a discipline, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(catalogue and abstract them, ensure availability, and provide documentat\
ion and support. In an inversion of Gresham's Law )Tj
T*
(that bad money drives out good, it was believed that good information wo\
uld drive out bad. High quality information, )Tj
T*
(properly catalogued, reliably available, properly documented and support\
ed would be preferred to information of unknown )Tj
T*
(provenance and quality, infrequently available and without support. )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
258 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.5709 Tm
(There was no commonly accepted standard for resource discovery and so th\
e Resource Organisation and Discovery in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Subject-based Services \(ROADS\) project was set up, to support the Inte\
rnet Anonymous FTP Archive \(IAFA\) templates )Tj
T*
(and encourage their use \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Heery, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). It was felt that it was less important whether this was the right de\
cision than to )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(demonstrate that UK HE was seen as a major player with a right to a plac\
e in the fora where standards decisions were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(being made. The subjects covered were:)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 655.6636 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 655.6636 Tm
(Art, Design, Architecture and Media \(ADAM\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This project was based at the Surrey Institute of Art and Design and )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(covered a quite unusual set of resources required by groups as varied as\
fashion design students and jewellery )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(craftsmen \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Bradshaw, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Visual images were a major element here. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 614.5866 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 614.5866 Tm
(Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library \(EEVL\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at Heriot Watt University and supported the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(engineering community \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Macleod and Kerr, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 586.4326 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 586.4326 Tm
(Organising Medical Networked Information \(OMNI\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at the National Institute for Medical Research )Tj
T*
(at the University of Nottingham and covered medicine \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wood, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 558.2786 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 558.2786 Tm
(Resource for Urban Design Information \(RUDI\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This covered urban design and was based at the University of )Tj
T*
(Hertfordshire and Oxford Brookes University. )Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 532.4166 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 532.4166 Tm
(Social Sciences Information Gateway \(SOSIG\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at the University of Bristol and covered the social )Tj
T*
(sciences. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(It should be evident from this list of projects that ISSC was firmly ado\
pting the distributed model championed by the eLib )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Programme to ensure that as many institutions as possible were engaged i\
n developing e-activity, as a means of ensuring )Tj
T*
(the widest possible support base and the largest number of proselytisers\
possible: )Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. By 2006 some of these services formed the UK's Resource Discovery Ne\
twork \(RDN\) which comprised eight )Tj
1.39 -1.2 Td
(separate subject gateways. )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. Altis \(hospitality, sports, leisure and tourism\). )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(3. Artifact \(arts and creative industries\). )Tj
T*
(4. BIOME \(health and life sciences\). )Tj
T*
(5. EEVL \(engineering, mathematics and computing\). )Tj
T*
(6. GEsource \(geography and the environment\). )Tj
T*
(7. Humbul \(humanities\). )Tj
T*
(8. PSIgate \(physical sciences\). )Tj
T*
(9. SOSIG \(social sciences\). )Tj
-2.324 -2.964 Td
(However, as a result of a detailed planning and consultation process, th\
e RDN service was extensively re-structured and re-)Tj
T*
(branded in mid-2006 in order to create a new more consolidated service w\
ith closer integration of subject areas, and to )Tj
T*
(provide a single interface for users. The resulting service, known as In\
tute, was launched in July 2006 \(www.intute.ac.uk\). )Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(6. Conclusion )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The work of the ISSC is largely and perhaps rightly forgotten, and usual\
ly, but incorrectly, subsumed under the general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(banner of the eLib Programme. This is of little moment other than to tho\
se directly concerned. FIGIT and the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme defined a decade of momentous change and quite clearly changed\
a centralised institutionally based )Tj
T*
(information culture, to a personal, individual desktop based information\
culture; and yet few of the 70 or so eLib projects )Tj
T*
(have survived or are remembered, except in the fond memories of the good\
old days. Paradoxically, as described above, )Tj
T*
(much of the work and infrastructure created by ISSC survives, yet the co\
mmittee itself is forgotten. ISSC and FIGIT were )Tj
T*
(harmoniously working the same patch until both were reconstructed in 199\
7. ISSC does however, have one bit of work that )Tj
T*
(has faded away, but deserves not to be lost. It articulated the principl\
es of acquisition and the concept of a distributed )Tj
T*
(national resource. The latter has been usefully recast at least twice as\
the world has moved on, but the former has passed )Tj
T*
(into a comfortable desuetude which perhaps denotes the acceptance of the\
principles as a norm; but an occasional )Tj
T*
(reminder that the HE community acts on principle and not just pragmatica\
lly is no bad thing.)Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
259 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 eLib and the emergence of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(7 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
260 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.5709 Tm
(There was no commonly accepted standard for resource discovery and so th\
e Resource Organisation and Discovery in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Subject-based Services \(ROADS\) project was set up, to support the Inte\
rnet Anonymous FTP Archive \(IAFA\) templates )Tj
T*
(and encourage their use \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Heery, 1996)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). It was felt that it was less important whether this was the right de\
cision than to )Tj
0 -1.413 TD
(demonstrate that UK HE was seen as a major player with a right to a plac\
e in the fora where standards decisions were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(being made. The subjects covered were:)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 655.6636 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 655.6636 Tm
(Art, Design, Architecture and Media \(ADAM\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This project was based at the Surrey Institute of Art and Design and )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(covered a quite unusual set of resources required by groups as varied as\
fashion design students and jewellery )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(craftsmen \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Bradshaw, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). Visual images were a major element here. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 614.5866 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 614.5866 Tm
(Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library \(EEVL\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at Heriot Watt University and supported the )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(engineering community \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Macleod and Kerr, 1997)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 586.4326 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 586.4326 Tm
(Organising Medical Networked Information \(OMNI\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at the National Institute for Medical Research )Tj
T*
(at the University of Nottingham and covered medicine \()Tj
0.996 0.502 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wood, 2005)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
(\). )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 558.2786 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 558.2786 Tm
(Resource for Urban Design Information \(RUDI\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This covered urban design and was based at the University of )Tj
T*
(Hertfordshire and Oxford Brookes University. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
5.3846 0 0 5.3846 38.2561 532.4166 Tm
(l)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 50 532.4166 Tm
(Social Sciences Information Gateway \(SOSIG\).)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( This was based at the University of Bristol and covered the social )Tj
T*
(sciences. )Tj
-3.714 -2.964 Td
(It should be evident from this list of projects that ISSC was firmly ado\
pting the distributed model championed by the eLib )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Programme to ensure that as many institutions as possible were engaged i\
n developing e-activity, as a means of ensuring )Tj
T*
(the widest possible support base and the largest number of proselytisers\
possible: )Tj
2.324 -2.964 Td
(1. By 2006 some of these services formed the UK's Resource Discovery Ne\
twork \(RDN\) which comprised eight )Tj
1.39 -1.2 Td
(separate subject gateways. )Tj
-1.39 -1.2 Td
(2. Altis \(hospitality, sports, leisure and tourism\). )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(3. Artifact \(arts and creative industries\). )Tj
T*
(4. BIOME \(health and life sciences\). )Tj
T*
(5. EEVL \(engineering, mathematics and computing\). )Tj
T*
(6. GEsource \(geography and the environment\). )Tj
T*
(7. Humbul \(humanities\). )Tj
T*
(8. PSIgate \(physical sciences\). )Tj
T*
(9. SOSIG \(social sciences\). )Tj
-2.324 -2.964 Td
(However, as a result of a detailed planning and consultation process, th\
e RDN service was extensively re-structured and re-)Tj
T*
(branded in mid-2006 in order to create a new more consolidated service w\
ith closer integration of subject areas, and to )Tj
T*
(provide a single interface for users. The resulting service, known as In\
tute, was launched in July 2006 \(www.intute.ac.uk\). )Tj
0 -2.864 TD
( )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -0.973 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(6. Conclusion )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.127 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.864 TD
(The work of the ISSC is largely and perhaps rightly forgotten, and usual\
ly, but incorrectly, subsumed under the general )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(banner of the eLib Programme. This is of little moment other than to tho\
se directly concerned. FIGIT and the eLib )Tj
T*
(Programme defined a decade of momentous change and quite clearly changed\
a centralised institutionally based )Tj
T*
(information culture, to a personal, individual desktop based information\
culture; and yet few of the 70 or so eLib projects )Tj
T*
(have survived or are remembered, except in the fond memories of the good\
old days. Paradoxically, as described above, )Tj
T*
(much of the work and infrastructure created by ISSC survives, yet the co\
mmittee itself is forgotten. ISSC and FIGIT were )Tj
T*
(harmoniously working the same patch until both were reconstructed in 199\
7. ISSC does however, have one bit of work that )Tj
T*
(has faded away, but deserves not to be lost. It articulated the principl\
es of acquisition and the concept of a distributed )Tj
T*
(national resource. The latter has been usefully recast at least twice as\
the world has moved on, but the former has passed )Tj
T*
(into a comfortable desuetude which perhaps denotes the acceptance of the\
principles as a norm; but an occasional )Tj
T*
(reminder that the HE community acts on principle and not just pragmatica\
lly is no bad thing.)Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
261 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 eLib and the emergence of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
262 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 450.512 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
10 340.506 86.746 11.769 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 10 754.0185 Tm
(Pinfield, S. \(1998\), "The use of BIDS ISI in a research university: a \
case study of the University )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Birmingham", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 32 No.3, pp.225-40. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Scanlon, S. \(1993\), )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The UK's Networked Dataset Revolution Continues, Library & Information )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Briefings, No. 50)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Library Information Technology Centre, London, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(UKOLN \(2006\), )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group: Report)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, available at: www.)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(ukoln.ac.uk/services/papers/follett/report/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . \
)Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Verdon, F.P., Wells, M. \(1995\), "Computing in British universities: th\
e Computer Board 1966-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(1991", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Computer Journal)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 38 No.10, pp.822-30. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Waddell, P. \(1993\), "The potential for electronic journals in UK acade\
mia", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Libraries and IT: )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Working Papers of the Information Technology Sub-committee of the HEFC's\
Libraries )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Review)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, The Office for Library and Information Networking, Bath, pp.239-71. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Wood, E.H. \(2005\), "OMNI: the UK's gateway to high quality internet re\
sources in health and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(medicine", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 9 No.2, pp.61-5. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 454.51 Tm
(Further Reading)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 439.93 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Law, D. \(1994\), "The development of a national policy for dataset prov\
ision in the UK: a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(historical perspective", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Journal of Information Networking)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, Vol. 1 No.2, pp.103-16. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 380.7513 Tm
( )Tj
14 0 0 14 10 367.5401 Tm
( )Tj
1 1 1 rg
/TT2 1 Tf
10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 356.2739 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(About the author )Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.991 TD
(Derek Law is Librarian and Head of Information Resources Directorate and\
Research Fellow in the Centre for Digital Library )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Research at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UK. Derek Law can b\
e contacted at: d.law@strath.ac.uk)Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:///H|/Documents/IR Full-Text Deposits/CIS/Law_Remembering history.h\
tm \(8 of 8\)31/10/2006 16:18:39)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
263 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223eLib and the emergence of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
264 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(eLib and the emergence of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
265 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context \342eLib and the emerge\
nce of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
266 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
267 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
268 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the evolution of reference collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
269 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right \342the evolution of reference\
collections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
270 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\234Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
271 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
272 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the \342Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
273 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\235\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
274 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
275 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\342\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
276 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223 the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
277 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\223the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
278 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342)Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
(\240)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
279 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report \342the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee"\
, )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
280 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
281 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(o)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
282 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(on)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
283 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
the Follett\) )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(on )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
284 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group \(\
)Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(on )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
285 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(on )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
286 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/WebCaptureBG BMC
/WebCaptureFN <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
10 737.077 592 12.923 re
f
EMC
EMC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0.5 0.5 0.5 rg
10 757 m
10 759 l
602 759 l
601 758 l
11 758 l
11 758 l
h
f
0.875 0.875 0.875 rg
602 759 m
602 757 l
10 757 l
11 758 l
601 758 l
601 758 l
h
f
Q
1 1 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 10.7692 0 0 10.7692 10 741.0754 Tm
(References)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT1 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 10 726.4954 Tm
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Bradshaw, R. \(1997\), "Introducing ADAM: a gateway to internet resource\
s in art, design, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(architecture and media", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.3, pp.251-67. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Brindley, L. \(1994\), "Joint Funding Councils' Libraries Review Group)Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(:)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -1.294 TD
(Report )Tj
/TT3 1 Tf
(on )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the contribution of the Information Technology Sub-Committee", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 28 )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(No.3, pp.275-8. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Cousins, S.A. \(1997\), "COPAC: the new national OPAC service based on t\
he CURL )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(database", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Program)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 31 No.1, pp.1-21. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Dempsey, L. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(UKOLN: Report For Period 1 August 1995 to 31 July 1996, British Library \
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Research and Innovation Report No. 9)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, British Library, London, available at: www.ukoln.ac.uk/)Tj
T*
(services/papers/bl/blri009/ANREP96.doc \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(East, H. \(1994\), "National datasets acquisition: pragmatism in pursuit\
of policy", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Journal of )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Information Networking)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.1-12. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Heery, R. \(2006\), "ROADS: resource organisation and discovery in subje\
ct-based services", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue3/roads/ \(accessed 9 July 2006\)\
, No.3, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(HENSA \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Annual Report August 1998-July 1999)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.mirrorservice.org/)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(help/annual-report99.pdf \(accessed 9 July 2006\), . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Landesman, M. \(2005\), "Getting it right the evolution of reference col\
lections", in Frost, W.)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(J. \(Eds\),)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The Reference Collection: From the Shelf to the Web)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Haworth Press, Binghamton, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(NY, . )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.194 TD
(Law, D., Dempsey, L. \(2006\), "A policy context eLib and the emergence \
of the subject )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(gateways", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Ariadne)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, available at: www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue25/subject-gateways/ \(accessed 9\
)Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(July 2006\), Vol. 9. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Macleod, R., Kerr, L. \(1997\), "EEVL: past, present and future", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Electronic Library)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 15 No.4, )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(pp.279-86. )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
( )Tj
T*
(Mumford, A. \(2006\), )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(WWW a Strategic Tool for UK Higher Education, Advisory Group on )Tj
0 -1.201 TD
(Computer Graphics \(AGOCG\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Loughborough, Sima Report Series, No. 12, . )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
0 -1.1 TD
(Perry, E.M. \(1992\), "The historical development of computer-assisted l\
iterature searching and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(its effects on librarians and their clients", )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Library Software Review)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.18-24. )Tj
0 -1.101 TD
( )Tj
ET
EMC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
287 0 obj<>stream
2006-10-31T16:26:28Z
2006-10-31T16:18:37Z
2006-10-31T16:26:28Z
application/pdf
Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history
uuid:11864e3b-1f35-4c34-8ade-be483efbd712
uuid:c1b241d1-8d76-4a63-9048-e05b382c385a
Acrobat Web Capture 7.0
endstream
endobj
xref
1 1
0000069969 00000 n
3 1
0000070097 00000 n
11 1
0000070263 00000 n
16 1
0000070493 00000 n
26 1
0000070700 00000 n
34 1
0000070930 00000 n
39 1
0000071160 00000 n
47 1
0000071390 00000 n
54 1
0000071608 00000 n
70 1
0000071812 00000 n
112 176
0000072016 00000 n
0000078447 00000 n
0000084948 00000 n
0000091445 00000 n
0000097911 00000 n
0000104374 00000 n
0000110915 00000 n
0000117447 00000 n
0000123949 00000 n
0000130447 00000 n
0000137016 00000 n
0000143582 00000 n
0000150118 00000 n
0000156650 00000 n
0000163222 00000 n
0000169790 00000 n
0000176328 00000 n
0000182861 00000 n
0000189163 00000 n
0000195285 00000 n
0000201260 00000 n
0000208316 00000 n
0000215182 00000 n
0000222828 00000 n
0000230504 00000 n
0000238129 00000 n
0000245750 00000 n
0000252699 00000 n
0000259644 00000 n
0000266585 00000 n
0000273473 00000 n
0000280357 00000 n
0000287206 00000 n
0000294051 00000 n
0000295226 00000 n
0000295447 00000 n
0000302323 00000 n
0000308398 00000 n
0000314469 00000 n
0000320510 00000 n
0000326544 00000 n
0000332577 00000 n
0000338606 00000 n
0000344605 00000 n
0000350600 00000 n
0000356672 00000 n
0000362740 00000 n
0000368778 00000 n
0000374799 00000 n
0000380902 00000 n
0000386975 00000 n
0000393043 00000 n
0000399185 00000 n
0000405323 00000 n
0000411431 00000 n
0000417535 00000 n
0000423713 00000 n
0000429838 00000 n
0000435959 00000 n
0000442079 00000 n
0000448190 00000 n
0000454271 00000 n
0000460348 00000 n
0000467300 00000 n
0000474248 00000 n
0000481165 00000 n
0000488079 00000 n
0000495019 00000 n
0000502031 00000 n
0000508990 00000 n
0000515945 00000 n
0000522983 00000 n
0000530016 00000 n
0000537020 00000 n
0000544015 00000 n
0000550963 00000 n
0000557907 00000 n
0000564882 00000 n
0000571853 00000 n
0000578838 00000 n
0000585895 00000 n
0000592901 00000 n
0000599903 00000 n
0000606904 00000 n
0000613936 00000 n
0000620964 00000 n
0000627957 00000 n
0000634946 00000 n
0000642563 00000 n
0000650145 00000 n
0000657723 00000 n
0000665383 00000 n
0000672990 00000 n
0000680593 00000 n
0000688192 00000 n
0000695756 00000 n
0000703316 00000 n
0000710951 00000 n
0000718582 00000 n
0000726183 00000 n
0000733780 00000 n
0000741451 00000 n
0000749092 00000 n
0000756729 00000 n
0000764357 00000 n
0000771955 00000 n
0000779549 00000 n
0000786996 00000 n
0000794352 00000 n
0000801742 00000 n
0000809128 00000 n
0000816484 00000 n
0000823830 00000 n
0000831207 00000 n
0000838580 00000 n
0000845901 00000 n
0000853218 00000 n
0000860627 00000 n
0000868127 00000 n
0000875664 00000 n
0000883171 00000 n
0000890704 00000 n
0000898236 00000 n
0000905764 00000 n
0000913257 00000 n
0000920746 00000 n
0000928266 00000 n
0000935760 00000 n
0000943250 00000 n
0000950593 00000 n
0000957615 00000 n
0000964633 00000 n
0000971621 00000 n
0000978605 00000 n
0000985588 00000 n
0000992567 00000 n
0000999511 00000 n
0001006451 00000 n
0001013472 00000 n
0001020489 00000 n
0001027476 00000 n
0001034459 00000 n
0001041532 00000 n
0001048601 00000 n
0001055640 00000 n
0001062674 00000 n
0001069561 00000 n
0001075398 00000 n
0001079598 00000 n
0001085346 00000 n
0001089370 00000 n
0001092566 00000 n
0001096614 00000 n
0001100658 00000 n
0001104669 00000 n
0001108676 00000 n
0001112682 00000 n
0001116684 00000 n
0001120653 00000 n
0001124618 00000 n
0001128579 00000 n
0001132505 00000 n
0001136427 00000 n
0001140345 00000 n
0001144228 00000 n
0001148107 00000 n
0001151985 00000 n
0001155859 00000 n
0001159700 00000 n
0001163535 00000 n
0001167401 00000 n
0001171268 00000 n
0001175136 00000 n
0001178990 00000 n
0001182840 00000 n
0001186721 00000 n
trailer
<<4E2880E45BC9754D883CB06AA617E04A>]/Prev 67572 >>
startxref
1190204
%%EOF
1 0 obj<>
endobj
3 0 obj<>
endobj
11 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
289 0 obj<>
endobj
291 0 obj[]
endobj
293 0 obj<>
endobj
295 0 obj[]
endobj
296 0 obj<>stream
2006-10-31T16:27:45Z
2006-10-31T16:18:37Z
2006-10-31T16:27:45Z
application/pdf
Emerald FullText Article : Remembering history
uuid:11864e3b-1f35-4c34-8ade-be483efbd712
uuid:f141da01-29d2-42fe-b8ff-9159a8bdb590
Acrobat Web Capture 7.0
endstream
endobj
xref
0 2
0000000292 65535 f
0001194155 00000 n
3 1
0001194283 00000 n
11 1
0001194449 00000 n
288 9
0000000290 00001 f
0001194683 00000 n
0000000006 00001 f
0001194720 00000 n
0000000294 00001 f
0001194739 00000 n
0000000288 00001 f
0001194776 00000 n
0001194795 00000 n
trailer
<]/Prev 1190204 >>
startxref
1198278
%%EOF