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X.M.LIU, J.L.THOMASON and F.R.JONES*
Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the interaction of - a m i n o p r o p y l t r i e t h o x y s i l a n e ( A P S ) w i t h a n E - g l a s s s u r f a c e . T h r e e c o m p o n e n t s o f d i f f e r i n g h y d r o l y t i c s t a b i l i t y a n d m o l e c u l a r s t r u c t u r e i n t h e A P S d e p o s i t h a v e b e e n c o n f i r m e d b y s t u d y i n g w a r m w a t e r ( 5 0 C ) a n d b o i l e d w a t e r ( 1 0 0 C ) e x t r a c t i o n s . W a r m w a t e r e xtracted the APS hydrolysed monomers and the oligomers with low molecular weight. Boiled water extraction removed the loosely chemisorbed silane layer on E-glass surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has also been employed in this study. Differences were observed in the AFM images of APS coated E-glass fibres before and after water extractions. A topography comprising hills and valleys on APS coated E-glass fibre changed to that of pores or pits after boiled water extraction. This also reflected a partial removal of the silane components after water extractions.
Key words: XPS; AFM; glass surface; aminosilane.
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:" HYPERLINK "mailto:f.r.jones@sheffield.ac.uk" f.r.jones@sheffield.ac.uk.
1. INTRODUCTION
Since glass fibres have a highly polar surface whereas matrix polymers tend to be non-polar, the fibre surface needs to be made hydrophobic to increase the fibre-matrix interaction. Organosilanes, containing a polymer-compatible organic group and three hydrolysable alkoxy functional groups, are introduced to provide the glass surface with compatibility and potential coupling to the resin.
Since the 1960s ADDIN EN.CITE Schrader19675PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote517[1], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been extens i v e l y u s e d t o c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e m o l e c u l a r s t r u c t u r e s a n d r e a c t i o n s o f s i l a n e c o u p l i n g a g e n t s i n s o l u t i o n a n d a t c o m p o s i t e i n t e r f a c e s . M o s t s t u d i e s h a v e e m p l o y e d - a m i n o p r o p y l t r i e t h o x y s i l a n e ( A P S ) b e c a u s e o f i t s w i d e r a n g i n g a p p l i c a t i o n s a s w e l l a s t h e p r e s ence of a nitrogen atom which enables a detailed surface analysis ADDIN EN.CITE Chiang19809PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote917Wang199265PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote6517Wang199312PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote1217Pawson1990129PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote12910Hoh1990128PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote12817Ishida1992101PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote10117Chiang19809PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote917Ishida19808PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote817Ishida19786PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote617Ishida19797PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote717Wang199211PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote1117Wang199312PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote1217[2-11]. It has been already established ADDIN EN.CITE Ishida1985107PhD Endnote Library.enlEndNote1075