On the roles of protic solvents in imidazolidinone-catalyzed transformations

Brazier, John B. and Jones, Kevin M. and Platts, James A. and Tomkinson, Nicholas C.O. (2011) On the roles of protic solvents in imidazolidinone-catalyzed transformations. Angewandte Chemie, 50 (7). pp. 1613-1616. ISSN 0044-8249 (https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201005892)

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Abstract

The effect of protic solvents on the rate and stereochemical outcome of the imidazolidinone-catalyzed Diels–Alder cycloaddition was rationalized. The following picture emerges: the solvent accelerates iminium ion formation (step 1), the Diels–Alder cycloaddition is reversible (step 2), and the solvent intercepts the iminium ion adduct (step 3).